27th May 2007, 13:52
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Ancient Pergamum (modern Bergama) is located in western Turkey 16.5 mi. [26.5 km.] inland (as the crow flies) from the Aegean Sea. It was founded as a major city in the third century B.C. and served as the capital of the Attalid Empire until 133 B.C. At that time Attalus III bequeathed his kingdom to the Romans and in 129 B.C. this kingdom formed the core of the newly–created Roman province of Asia — with, initially at least, Pergamum as its capital.
Pergamum is located on the fertile plains watered by the Selinus river, therefore many civilizations have settled here since the ancient times.Having been ruled by the Lydian and Persian,Pergamum was taken over by Alexander the Great in 334 B.C. After Alexander's death,one of his generals,Lysimachus controlled Pergamum and much of the Aegean region. After Lysimachus'death, it became the center of a kingdom under Philetairos.Ruled by the kings Attale and Eumene,it was the governing city for all of Western Anotalia.According to the will of King Attalus III,Pergamum becamea part of the Roman Empire after his death in the second half of the 2 nd century B.C.The city experienced its golden age until the end of the 3 rd century A.D. Especially after parchment paper was invented in this city,a library was built containig200,000 volumes and Pergamum became a cultural center of the Roman Empire ,on a par with Alexandria.
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